Varnams are considered vocal exercises in a particular raga. The patterns in a varnam are considered to be characteristic patterns of a particular raga or scale. Varnams are considered the most complex of the vocal exercises in Carnatic Music. They are designed to help develop voice culture and proper control of rhythm. Indeed, varnams are often practiced in double and triple speeds and proper rhythmic control (tala) must be kept.
Type of varnams
Named for its thanam-like rhythmic qualities, tana varnams only have lyrics for the pallavi, anupallavi and charanam.[1]With rhythmic elements like a padam, pada varnams are generally sung to accompany South Indian classical dance, including bharatanatyam.[2] Unlike the tana varnam which only has lyrics for the pallavi, anupallavi and charanam and swarams for the rest of the sections a pada varnam also have lyrics that correspond to the muktayi and chitta swaras of the varnam, so generally, pada varnams contain more lyrical content than a tana varnam.[2] The swaras in this type of varnam are suitable for intricate footwork.[2] Padajathi varnams are simply pada varnams that also contain jatis in it, making it again more suitable for South Indian classical dance.[2]
Contents of a varnam
The varnam is subdivided into several sections:- Pallavi: The first section of the Varnam, sung with lyrics or sahithyam.
- Anupallavi: A sort of recapitulation, sung with lyrics or sahithyam also.
- Mukthaayi Swaram: Sung completely with syllables—or swaras -- (like sa ri ga ma pa da ni sa). In Pada Varnas it is known as Mukthaayi Swaram-Sahithyam.
- Charanam: Sung with lyrics
- Chittai Swarams: Sung completely with syllables. In a Pada varnam, there are lyrics which correspond to the Charanam swaras. The swaras occur in several groups or stanzas.
- Pallavi
- Anupallavi
- Muktayi Swaram
- Pallavi (in double speed)
- Charanam
- Charanam Swara Group 1
- Charanam
- Charanam Swara Group 2
- Charanam
- Charanam Swara Group 3
- Charanam
- Charanam Swara Group 4
- Charanam
Varnams are generally sung in two varieties of talas, or metric systems, Adi Tala (8 beat cycle) and Ata Tala (14 beat cycle), where Ata Tala varnams are generally more complicated and advanced. In most of the Adi Tala Varnams the tala is placed in the 2 kalai version. So therefore each beat and finger count is placed twice.
- "Sami Ninne" in Sree Ragam composed by Karur Devudu Iyer
- "Ninnukori" in Mohanam ragam by Poochi Srinivasa Iyengar
- "Evvari Bodhana" in Abhogi ragam by Patnam Subramania Iyer
- "Valachi Vacchi" in Navaragamalika (9 ragas, similar to Ragamalika which literally translates to a garland of ragams.
- "Viriboni" in Bhairavi ragam by Pacchimiriam Adiyappa
- "Nera Nammithi" in Kaanada ragam by Poochi Srinivasa Iyengar
- "Chalamela" in Sankarabharanam by Swati Tirunal
The Valachi vachi varnam is a Navaragamalika composition. The "MATHE MALAYADHWAJA" is a very Unique Varnam due to the fact that the Chitte swara has two different types of sahitya arranged according to it. The first is a rhythmic poetry describing the king and has the Raja mudra and the second is a liting Solkattu swara which is very nicely embodied in expression by bharatanatyam dancers.
Please also see this LINK for many varnams in different talas. I will try to collect as many varnams possible, but the pity is most of the singers are repeating the same varnams in most of the concerts. Why don't they stop repeating the same varnams instead of trying new ones.
- http://www.mediafire.com/?yjyyijhjmuk Aarabhi - T.N. Seshagopalan
- http://www.mediafire.com/?qomun3tnzgy Aarabhi - Anadhalakshmi Sadagopan
- http://www.mediafire.com/?vyoozzez2m1 Amrithavarshini - Dr. Balamuralikrishna
- http://www.mediafire.com/?mddmooyqmmh Aabhogi - Ranjani and Gayathri
- http://www.mediafire.com/?zjmo2gzmkmt Aabhogi - P. Unnikrishnan
- http://www.mediafire.com/?dwdowmy5wez Aabhogi - Aruna Sairam
- http://www.mediafire.com/?omgkdtkdwdn Aabhogi - K. J. Yesudoss
- http://www.mediafire.com/?yjnm5zwyw2m Aarabhi - T.K. Rangachari
- http://www.mediafire.com/?wzyzhzinmu1 Andholika - Sudha Raghunathan
- http://www.mediafire.com/?nzmykaom1zn Begadaa - Maharajapuram Santhanam
- http://www.mediafire.com/?1nnjnkyznzn Begadaa - T. N. Seshagopalan
- http://www.mediafire.com/?ybdzjgyvaye Bhairavi - Maharajapuram Santhanam
- http://www.mediafire.com/?gozqi2o4nyn Bhairavi - Neiveli Santhanagopalan
- http://www.mediafire.com/?z3itdzjdnrq Bhairavi - Dr. Balamuralikrishna
- http://www.mediafire.com/?mydj1hywimm Bhairavi - T. N. Seshagopalan
- http://www.mediafire.com/?exqlzixwtmj Bhairavi - T. M. Krishna
- http://www.mediafire.com/?yzm4nw24mmd Bhairavi - Sanjay Subramanian
- http://www.mediafire.com/?wzdgm3yiyzm Bhairavi - T. K. Rangachari
- http://www.mediafire.com/?mnnlfduwytt Charukesi - Maharajapuram Santhanam
- http://www.mediafire.com/?dimdjyimtd5 Charukesi - Aruna Sairam
- http://www.mediafire.com/?ihzzmjnozkn Dhanyaasi - Bombay sisters *
- http://www.mediafire.com/?hymmmt05ynm Durbaar - Kundrakudi Balamuralikrishna
- http://www.mediafire.com/?o1ymjmzznnt Durbaar - Neiveli Santhanagopalan
- http://www.mediafire.com/?maidz0gddyd Durbaar - Nithyashree
- http://www.mediafire.com/?km2kyomn330 Hindolam - Sanjay Subramanian*
- http://www.mediafire.com/?ij4ymyz4zmm Kaambodhi - R. Ganesh
- http://www.mediafire.com/?o2mwyny1ong Kaanadaa - Aruna Sairam
- http://www.mediafire.com/?ydkognam2dm Kaanadaa - Maharajapuram Santhanam
- http://www.mediafire.com/?1u3uyn21mum Kaanadaa - Ariyakkudi
- http://www.mediafire.com/?dl2iyxzlyzy Kaanadaa - R. Ganesh
- http://www.mediafire.com/?immmmnmjcnd Kaanadaa - T. N. Seshagopalan
- http://www.mediafire.com/?zzmbjmmk12g Kaanadaa - Madurai G.S. Mani
- http://www.mediafire.com/?21zdmwynyd0Kaanada - Kundrakudi Balamuralikrishna
- http://www.mediafire.com/?zm4jnjmnzmzKalyaani - M.S. Subbalakshmi
- http://www.mediafire.com/?jijocojgzc2 Kalyaani - Maharajapuram Santhanam
- http://www.mediafire.com/?ymwdymhzyyd Kalyaani - Raajkumar Bharathi
- http://www.mediafire.com/?izntyyxznjm Kalyaani - Sikkil Gurucharan
- http://www.mediafire.com/?ymzuhmwmwdm Kalyaani - Kundrakudi Balamuralikrishna
- http://www.mediafire.com/?yj2mttziov5 Kalyaani - K.J. Yesudoss
- http://www.mediafire.com/?rhrhzeoxbhm Kalyaani - Dr. Balamuralikrishna
- http://www.mediafire.com/?darlhwljwg2Kalyaani - Sowmya
- http://www.mediafire.com/?tz3yyzt2jmw Kalyaani - Ranjani Gayathri
- http://www.mediafire.com/?5unqolmhiog Kalyaani - Madurai Somu
- http://www.mediafire.com/?nznmnmclnyq Kalyaani - Sathura kaamini - Binny Krishnakumar***
- http://www.mediafire.com/?0bmzjyzyzwt Kalyaani - T. K. Rangachari
- http://www.mediafire.com/?m0wozdzmytb Kalyaani - T. N. seshagopalan
- http://www.mediafire.com/?mm1nmiyhw2m Kamaas - Sudha Raghunathan
- http://www.mediafire.com/?mcytlzn2zyn Kaambodhi - Raajkumar Bharathi
- http://www.mediafire.com/?omovnibjd4j Kaambodhi - Aruna Sairam
- http://www.mediafire.com/?envmjatz2tm Kedhaaragowla - Nithyasdhree
- http://www.mediafire.com/?yzn0zfgmmmv Maayaamaalavagowla - Aruna Sairam
- http://www.mediafire.com/?az31ww2midf Maalavi - Sudha Raghunathan **
- http://www.mediafire.com/?3mzzmhogxzw Mohanam - Neiveli Santhana gopalan
- http://www.mediafire.com/?zmnmjzjv2zz Mohanam - T. N. seshagopalan
- http://www.mediafire.com/?vhuhyjzmxzm Mohanam - T. M. Krishna
- http://www.mediafire.com/?lhznwdmmwmn Naattaikurinji - T. M. Krishna
- http://www.mediafire.com/?iwmhuhonyfn Naattaikurinji - T. N. seshagopalan
- http://www.mediafire.com/?n1nndmmz4gf Naattaikurinji - Nithyashree
- http://www.mediafire.com/?bzzmznyetkm Nalinakanthi - S. P. Raamh
- http://www.mediafire.com/?nzm1jzntngm Navaraagamalika - T.N. Seshagopalan
- http://www.mediafire.com/?jcjunjkhzid Navaraagamalika - K. J. Yesudoss
- http://www.mediafire.com/?gta1limjitm Neelaambari - S. P. Raamh
- http://www.mediafire.com/?oihenjrtgim Panthuvaraali - T. K. Rangachari
- http://www.mediafire.com/?z4zmhddekmz Panthuvaraali - P. Unnikrishnan
- http://www.mediafire.com/?wjw0cmhnzlh Ramapriya - Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna **
- http://www.mediafire.com/?tuzdjy2znmj Ranjani - Sudha Raghunathan
- http://www.mediafire.com/?wngzzgjyqtm Reethigowla - T. N. Seshagopalan
- http://www.mediafire.com/?wmriyljtnuf Reethigowla - Gayathri Venkatraghavan
- http://www.mediafire.com/?yhnrzjjnwmy Saaranga - Sudha Raghunathan
- http://www.mediafire.com/?3qzntnmzwgz Saaveri - Maharajapuram Santhanam
- http://www.mediafire.com/?lzwkwj01n42 Saaveri - Neiveli Santhangopalan
- http://www.mediafire.com/?nyyjbymzjmk Saaveri - T.M. Krishna
- http://www.mediafire.com/?q2tjvvahznw Saaveri - Aruna Sairam
- http://www.mediafire.com/?cmzznbzgzt2 Saaveri - T. K. Rangachari
- http://www.mediafire.com/?odnjnymoj2y Sahaana - Aruna Sairam
- http://www.mediafire.com/?nngtzdwjmui Sahaana - T. N. Seshagopalan
- http://www.mediafire.com/?0temqt2y2ug Sankarabaranam - Sikil Gurucharan
- http://www.mediafire.com/?zgzmnmoytmj Sankarabaranam - T. K. Rangachari
- http://www.mediafire.com/?2ytmmzkmzxk Sri - Abhishek Raghuram
- http://www.mediafire.com/?lznozudt2n0 Sri - Sanjay Subramanian
- http://www.mediafire.com/?nnqhmh5yn2m Sri - Ranjani Gayathri
- http://www.mediafire.com/?kmmn4mt21xm Sri - Hyderbad brothers
- http://www.mediafire.com/?tqgytmtzigg Sri - T. N. Seshagopalan
- http://www.mediafire.com/?jomdimy1nnn Sudhdhadhanyaasi - Aruna Sairam
- http://www.mediafire.com/?ijjyyemjy1y Sudhdhadhanyaasi - Maharajapuram Santhanam
- http://www.mediafire.com/?onalioykvmj Sudhdha saaveri**
- http://www.mediafire.com/?ytez45qmjjm Surutti - T. N. Seshagopalan
- http://www.mediafire.com/?n1quw5ykoim Surutti - P. Unnikrishnan
- http://www.mediafire.com/?mzyyymjajhx Thodi - Sowmya
- http://www.mediafire.com/?dvb2egiwoth Thodi - Sudha Raghunathan
- http://www.mediafire.com/?tzql5nygdnn Thodi - M.L. Vasanthakumari
- http://www.mediafire.com/?uzdnznujmte Valachi - Bombay Jayashri
- http://www.mediafire.com/?wwmjdjzzumm Valachi - M.L. Vasanthakumari
- http://www.mediafire.com/?jm0qteyhozi Valachi - Sudha Raghunathan
If readers have got any varnam which is not in this list, may please give me the link to add to this list so that it can be comprehensive.
*contributed by Ms. Vijay Latha from London
** contributed by Ms.Vijay Latha from London (19.11.09)
*** contributed by Ms. Vijay Latha from London (1.12.09)
- Saraswathan said...
- Dear Sir, Namaskaram. It is a pleasure to enjoy carnatic music, more so, when you can appreciate its nuances. Very informative and useful post. R Saraswathan http://saraswathan.blogspot.com
- Ram said...
- Thanks
- Anonymous said...
- Woow ... awesome collection !.. kudos!