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Showing posts with label Melakartha Raagaas. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Melakartha Raagaas. Show all posts

Thursday, February 3, 2022

72 Melakartha Krithis

72 Melakartha Krithis

To learn more elaborate details about "Melakartha ragas" see the other posting under the same label



Saturday, January 23, 2010

Thaalam for Melakartha raagas

After posting Melakartha raagaas, many were asking me the thaalas of these songs.  I requested one of my friends; who contributed the link, but does not want his name to be revealed, promised to help me in this connection and sent me the first installment. This is in this order: Raaga, Notes, song(s) and Thaalam. Hope this will benefit many readers.


01 Kanakangi      Sa Ri1 Ga1 Ma1 Pa Dha1 Ni1 Sri Esha Putraya Rupakam
                                                                   Sri Gananatham       Adi
02 Ratnangi     Sa  Ri1  Ga1  Ma1 Pa Dha1 Ni2 Sri Gurum Rupakam
03 Ganamurti     Sa  Ri1  Ga1  Ma1 Pa Dha1 Ni3 Ganamurte Sri Krishna Venu Adi
                                                                  Pahi Jagadeeshwara Adi
04 Vanaspati     Sa  Ri1  Ga1  Ma1 Pa Dha2 Ni2 Pariachaka Maa Rupakam
                                                                  Eeshari Jagadeeshari Adi
05 Manavati     Sa  Ri1  Ga1  Ma1 Pa Dha2 Ni3 Sri Hanumantham Adi
                                                                  Nija Bhakti Ni      * Rupakam
                                                                  Evaritho    * Adi
06 Tanarupi     Sa  Ri1  Ga1  Ma1 Pa Dha3 Ni3 Sri Ramam Adi
07 Senaavati    Sa Ri1 Ga2 Ma1 Pa Dha1 Ni1 Jaalamela Raghupate     * Adi
08 Hanumattodi   Sa  Ri1  Ga2  Ma1 Pa Dha1 Ni2 Thyagaraja Gurum Bhajeham     Roopakam
09 Dhenuka     Sa  Ri1  Ga2  Ma1 Pa Dha1 Ni3 Teliyalerurama Adi
                                                                  Ravayya Ramayya     Roopakam
10 Naatakapriya     Sa  Ri1  Ga2  Ma1 Pa Dha2 Ni2 Idi Samayamu Roopakam
                                                                  Gitavadya Adi
                                                                  Paripaalayamaam      Roopakam
11 Kokilapriya      Sa  Ri1  Ga2  Ma1 Pa Dha2 Ni3 Kodandaramam Adi
                                                                 Vaadamela      Adi
12 Roopavati     Sa  Ri1  Ga2  Ma1 Pa Dha3 Ni3 Paalayamaam      Adi
13 Gaayakapriya     Sa Ri1 Ga3 Ma1 Pa Dha1 Ni1 Sri Maha Vishnum      Adi
14 Vakulaabharanam      Sa  Ri1  Ga3  Ma1 Pa Dha1 Ni2 Ye Ramuni Nammitino     * M Chapu
                                                                 Kumarunivalenu     * Adi
15 Mayamalvagowla     Sa  Ri1  Ga3  Ma1 Pa Dha1 Ni3 Merusamaana  Madhyadi
                                                               Deva Deva  Roopakam
                                                               Intaparaka  Roopakam
                                                               Adikondar  Adi
                                                               Dasaratha Nandana Adi
                                                              Tulasi Dala Roopakam
                                                              Vidulakumrokeda Adi
                                                              Vaiyagam Varaano  Adi
                                                              Sarasija Nabha Murare  Adi
                                                              Shyamalambike     * Adi
16 Chakravaaham     Sa  Ri1  Ga3  Ma1 Pa Dha2 Ni2 Na Manavini Roopakam
                                                             Gajananayutam Adi
                                                              Arivudaiyor Jhampa
                                                             Janaardhanam K Triputa

                                                                    Etula Brotuvo Teliya M Chapu
                                                                      Vinayaka Vignanaashaka Roopakam
                                                                       Abakara Ninadai Adi
                                                                         Neranammithi Adi
                                                                           Vinaradhana Manavi K Chapu
                                                                             Sarojanabha Adi
                                                                              Girijapathe     * Roopakam
                17 Sooryakantam      Sa  Ri1  Ga3  Ma1 Pa Dha2 Ni3 Mudummomu Elagu Adi
                                                                             Karuninchara     * Adi
                18 Haatakammbari    Sa  Ri1  Ga3  Ma1 Pa Dha3 Ni3 Rakshaasumaam     * Adi
                19 Jhankaaradhwani     Sa Ri2 Ga2 Ma1 Pa Dha1 Ni1
                20 Natabhairavi   Sa  Ri2  Ga2  Ma1 Pa Dha1 Ni2 Sri Valli Devasenapate  Adi

                                Raghuvaram Raghavam K Chapu
                                  Nalina Nayani      * Roopakam
                    21 Keeravani     Sa  Ri2  Ga2  Ma1 Pa Dha1 Ni3 Ambavaani Nannu  Adi

                                  Varamulo Roopakam
                                    Inamum Sandeha Padalamo Eka
                                      Kaligiyunde Adi
                                        Sri Dakshinamoorthim      * Adi
                                          Vinaayakane      * Adi
                              22 Karaharapriya     Sa  Ri2  Ga2  Ma1 Pa Dha2 Ni2 Parameshwara      * Roopakam
                              23 Gowrimanohari      Sa  Ri2  Ga2  Ma1 Pa Dha2 Ni3 Gurulekha Etuvanti  K Chapu

                                                 Omkari Uma Maheswari Roopakam
                                                   Brovavamma Sri  K Chapu
                                                     Saarasa      * Adi
                                                      Varalakshmi      * Roopakam
                                      24 Varunapriya    Sa  Ri2  Ga2  Ma1 Pa Dha3 Ni3
                                      25 Maararanjani    Sa Ri2 Ga3 Ma1 Pa Dha1 Ni1
                                      26 Chaarukesi    Sa  Ri2  Ga3  Ma1 Pa Dha1 Ni2 Krupaya Paalaya Chapu
                                                                                                           Adamodi Galade Adi
                                                                                                           Innam En Manam Adi
                                      27 Sarasaangi     Sa  Ri2  Ga3  Ma1 Pa Dha1 Ni3 Nee Padamule Adi
                                                                                                          Jaya Jaya Padmanabha Adi
                                                                                                          Manavirje Konavayya Roopakam
                                      28 Harikambhoji     Sa  Ri2  Ga3  Ma1 Pa Dha2 Ni2 Dinamani Vamsa Adi
                                                                                                         Enduku Nirdaya Adi
                                                                                                         Entara Nithana Adi
                                                                                                         Muruga Thirumal Maruga Roopalam
                                                                                                         Rama Nannu Brovara Roopakam
                                                                                                         Saketa Nagaranatha Roopakam
                                                                                                         Shankara Dayakare K Chapu
                                                                                                         Undedi Ramudukade Adi
                                      29 Dherashankarabharanam      Sa  Ri2  Ga3  Ma1 Pa Dha2 Ni3
                                      30 Naagaanandini     Sa  Ri2  Ga3  Ma1 Pa Dha3 Ni3

                                      Blogger Radha said...
                                      Undedi Ramudukade - Roopakam in Harikambhoji Ragam and not Adi
                                      February 1, 2010 9:14 PM
                                       

                                      Monday, January 11, 2010

                                      Melakartha Raagas - Dr.M. Balamuralikrishna

                                      Melakarta is a javascript:void(0)collection of fundamental ragas...


                                      Melakarta is a collection of fundamental ragas (musical scales) in Carnatic music (South Indian classical music). Melakarta ragas are parent ragas (hence known as janaka ragas) from which other ragas may be generated.
                                      In Hindustani music the thaat is equivalent of Melakarta. There are 10 thaats in Hindustani music, though the commonly accepted melakarta scheme has 72 ragas.
                                      A melakarta raga is sometimes referred as mela, karta or sampoorna as well.

                                      Rules for Melakarta

                                      Ragas must contain the following characteristics to be considered Melakarta.
                                      • They are sampurna ragas - they contain all seven swaras (notes) of the octave in both ascending and descending scale
                                      • They are krama sampurna ragas - that is the sequence is strictly ascending and descending in the scales, without any jumps or zig-zag notes
                                      • The upper shadjam is included in the raga scale (ragas like Punnagavarali and Chenchurutti are not melakarta as they end with nishadham)
                                      • The ascending and descending scales must have the same notes 







                                      • History

                                        The mela system of ragas was first propounded by Raamamaatya in his work Svaramelakalanidhi c. 1550. He is considered the father of mela system of ragas. Later Venkatamakhin expounded in the 17th century in his work Caturdandi Prakaasikaa a new mela system known today as melakarta. He had made some bold and controversial claims and defined somewhat arbitrarily 6 swaras from the known 12 semitones, at that time, to arrive at 72 melakarta ragas. The controversial parts relate to double counting of R2 (and similar swaras) and his exclusive selection of madyamas for which there is no specific reasoning. However, today the 72 melakarta ragas have gained significant following, though to this day this system is being criticized. Venkatamakhin was known to be extremely critical of Raamamaatya.







                                        Determining the Melakarta

                                        A hundred years after Venkatamakhin's time the Katapayadi sankhya rule came to be applied to the nomenclature of the melakarta ragas. The sankhya associates Sanskrit consonants with digits. The digits corresponding to the first two syllables of the name of a raga, when reversed, give the index of the raga. Thus the scale of a melakarta raga can be easily derived from its name.
                                        For example, Harikambhoji raga starts with syllables Ha and ri, which have numbers 8 and 2 associated with them. Reversing them we get 28. Hence Harikambhoji is the 28th Melakarta raga. See Katapayadi sankhya for more details and examples.







                                        Melakarta scale

                                        Each melakarta raga has a different scale. This scheme envisages the lower Sa (Keezh Shadjamam), upper Sa (Mael Shadjamam) and Pa (Panchamam) as fixed swaras, with the Ma (Madhyamam) having two variants and the remaining swaras Ri (Rishabam), Ga (Gandhaaram), Dha (Dhaivatham) and Ni (Nishaadham) as having three variants each. This leads to 72 seven-note combinations (scales) referred to as the Melakarta ragas as follows.
                                        There are twelve semitones of the octave S, R1, R2=G1, R3=G2, G3, M1, M2, P, D1, D2=N1, D3=N2, N3 (see swaras in Carnatic music for explanation of these notations). A melakarta raga must necessarily have S and P, one of the M's, one each of the R's and G's, and one each of the D's and N's. Also, R must necessarily precede G and D must precede N (krama sampoorna raga). This gives 2 × 6 × 6 = 72 ragas. Finding melakarta ragas is a mathematical process. By following a simple set of rules we can find the corresponding raga and the scale associated with it.
                                        A raga which has a subset of swaras from a Melakarta raga is said to be a janya (means born or derived from) of that Melakarta raga. Every raga is the janya of a melakarta raga. Janya ragas whose notes are found in more than one melakarta raga are assigned (or associated) parent Melakarta based on subjective notions of similarity. This is obvious for ragas that have less than seven notes. For such ragas it can be associated with a Melakarta which has any of the different swaras in that position. For example, Hindolam has Rishabam and Panchamam missing. Hence, it could be considered a janya of Todi (also known as Hanumatodi) which has shuddha rishabam or with Natabhairavi which has a chathusruthi rishabam. It is popularly associated with Natabhairavi.







                                        Chakras

                                        The 72 melakarta ragas are split into 12 groups called chakras, each containing 6 ragas. The ragas within the chakra differ only in the dhaivatham and nishadham notes (D and N), as illustrated below. The name of each of the 12 chakras suggest their ordinal number as well.[1][3]







                                      • Indu stands for the moon, of which we have only one - hence it is the first chakra.
                                      • Netra means eyes, of which we have two - hence it is the second.
                                      • Agni is the third chakra as it denotes the three divyagnis (fire, lightning and Sun).
                                      • Veda denoting four Vedas is the name of the fourth chakra.
                                      • Bana comes fifth as it stands for the five banas of Manmatha.
                                      • Rutu is the sixth chakra standing for the 6 seasons of Hindu calendar.
                                      • Rishi, meaning sage, is the seventh chakra representing the seven sages.
                                      • Vasu stands for the eight vasus of Hinduism.
                                      • Brahma comes next of which there are 9.
                                      • The 10 directions, including akash (sky) and patal (nether region), is represented by the tenth chakra, Disi.
                                      • Eleventh chakra is Rudra of which there are eleven.
                                      • Twelfth comes Aditya of which there are twelve.

                                      Table of Melakarta ragas

                                      The 72 melakarta ragas can be divided into two parts. viz.,. suddha Madhyamam and prati Madhyamam ragas. When a given suddha madhyamam raga's M1 is replaced by M2, we get the corresponding prati madhyamam raga. See Katapayadi sankhya for more information on how to derive the various swaras of a raga from its melakarta number.
                                      See swaras in Carnatic music for explanation of the notations like R1, G2, N2, etc.
                                        
                                      'Mēḷakartā Rāgas'
                                      'Suddha Madhyamam' 'Prati Madhyamam'
                                      No. Raga Scale No. Raga Scale
                                      1.Indu Chakra 7. Rishi Chakra
                                      1 Kanakangi S R1 G1 M1 P D1 N1 S' 37 Salagam S R1 G1 M2 P D1 N1 S'
                                      2 Ratnangi S R1 G1 M1 P D1 N2 S' 38 Jalarnavam S R1 G1 M2 P D1 N2 S'
                                      3 Ganamurti S R1 G1 M1 P D1 N3 S' 39 Jhalavarali S R1 G1 M2 P D1 N3 S'
                                      4 Vanaspati S R1 G1 M1 P D2 N2 S' 40 Navaneetam S R1 G1 M2 P D2 N2 S'
                                      5 Manavati S R1 G1 M1 P D2 N3 S' 41 Pavani S R1 G1 M2 P D2 N3 S'
                                      6 Tanarupi S R1 G1 M1 P D3 N3 S' 42 Raghupriya S R1 G1 M2 P D3 N3 S'
                                      2. Netra Chakra 8. Vasu Chakra
                                      7 Senavati S R1 G2 M1 P D1 N1 S' 43 Gavambhodi S R1 G2 M2 P D1 N1 S'
                                      8 Hanumatodi S R1 G2 M1 P D1 N2 S' 44 Bhavapriya S R1 G2 M2 P D1 N2 S'
                                      9 Dhenuka S R1 G2 M1 P D1 N3 S' 45 Shubhapantuvarali S R1 G2 M2 P D1 N3 S'
                                      10 Natakapriya S R1 G2 M1 P D2 N2 S' 46 Shadvidamargini S R1 G2 M2 P D2 N2 S'
                                      11 Kokilapriya S R1 G2 M1 P D2 N3 S' 47 Suvarnangi S R1 G2 M2 P D2 N3 S'
                                      12 Rupavati S R1 G2 M1 P D3 N3 S' 48 Divyamani S R1 G2 M2 P D3 N3 S'
                                      3. Agni Chakra 9. Brahma Chakra
                                      13 Gayakapriya S R1 G3 M1 P D1 N1 S' 49 Dhavalambari S R1 G3 M2 P D1 N1 S'
                                      14 Vakulabharanam S R1 G3 M1 P D1 N2 S' 50 Namanarayani S R1 G3 M2 P D1 N2 S'
                                      15 Mayamalavagowla S R1 G3 M1 P D1 N3 S' 51 Kamavardani S R1 G3 M2 P D1 N3 S'
                                      16 Chakravakam S R1 G3 M1 P D2 N2 S' 52 Ramapriya S R1 G3 M2 P D2 N2 S'
                                      17 Suryakantam S R1 G3 M1 P D2 N3 S' 53 Gamanashrama S R1 G3 M2 P D2 N3 S'
                                      18 Hatakambari S R1 G3 M1 P D3 N3 S' 54 Vishwambari S R1 G3 M2 P D3 N3 S'
                                      4. Veda Chakra 10. Disi Chakra
                                      19 Jhankaradhwani S R2 G2 M1 P D1 N1 S' 55 Shamalangi S R2 G2 M2 P D1 N1 S'
                                      20 Natabhairavi S R2 G2 M1 P D1 N2 S' 56 Shanmukhapriya S R2 G2 M2 P D1 N2 S'
                                      21 Keeravani S R2 G2 M1 P D1 N3 S' 57 Simhendramadhyamam S R2 G2 M2 P D1 N3 S'
                                      22 Kharaharapriya S R2 G2 M1 P D2 N2 S' 58 Hemavati S R2 G2 M2 P D2 N2 S'
                                      23 Gourimanohari S R2 G2 M1 P D2 N3 S' 59 Dharmavati S R2 G2 M2 P D2 N3 S'
                                      24 Varunapriya S R2 G2 M1 P D3 N3 S' 60 Neetimati S R2 G2 M2 P D3 N3 S'
                                      5. Bana Chakra 11. Rudra Chakra
                                      25 Mararanjani S R2 G3 M1 P D1 N1 S' 61 Kantamani S R2 G3 M2 P D1 N1 S'
                                      26 Charukesi S R2 G3 M1 P D1 N2 S' 62 Rishabhapriya S R2 G3 M2 P D1 N2 S'
                                      27 Sarasangi S R2 G3 M1 P D1 N3 S' 63 Latangi S R2 G3 M2 P D1 N3 S'
                                      28 Harikambhoji S R2 G3 M1 P D2 N2 S' 64 Vachaspati S R2 G3 M2 P D2 N2 S'
                                      29 Dheerasankarabharanam S R2 G3 M1 P D2 N3 S' 65 Mechakalyani S R2 G3 M2 P D2 N3 S'
                                      30 Naganandini S R2 G3 M1 P D3 N3 S' 66 Chitrambari S R2 G3 M2 P D3 N3 S'
                                      6. Rutu Chakra 12. Aditya Chakra
                                      31 Yagapriya S R3 G3 M1 P D1 N1 S' 67 Sucharitra S R3 G3 M2 P D1 N1 S'
                                      32 Ragavardhini S R3 G3 M1 P D1 N2 S' 68 Jyoti swarupini S R3 G3 M2 P D1 N2 S'
                                      33 Gangeyabhushani S R3 G3 M1 P D1 N3 S' 69 Dhatuvardani S R3 G3 M2 P D1 N3 S'
                                      34 Vagadheeswari S R3 G3 M1 P D2 N2 S' 70 Nasikabhushani S R3 G3 M2 P D2 N2 S'
                                      35 Shulini S R3 G3 M1 P D2 N3 S' 71 Kosalam S R3 G3 M2 P D2 N3 S'
                                      36 Chalanata S R3 G3 M1 P D3 N3 S' 72 Rasikapriya S R3 G3 M2 P D3 N3 S'


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                                      For all the 72 Melakartha songs rendered by Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna go to the another separate posting under label Melakartha raagaas  



                                        Manika Umaskanth said...
                                      Dear Sir I don't just like your posts. I love them ! You are a very kind man. Thank You and may God bless you. M.Umaskanth
                                      January 12, 2010 12:39 AM
                                      Delete
                                      Anonymous Anonymous said...
                                      sir...could you also pls post the name of the singer for each song?
                                      January 12, 2010 1:45 AM
                                      Delete
                                      Blogger hvaidya said...
                                      Dear Mr/Ms. Anonymous, All these songs are rendered by Dr. M.Balamuralikrishna. Please see the title of this posting.
                                      January 12, 2010 6:15 AM
                                      Delete
                                      Blogger hvaidya said...
                                      Dear Manika Umaskanth, Thank you for your kind words.
                                      January 12, 2010 6:15 AM
                                      Delete
                                      Blogger Radha said...
                                      Dear hvaidya, I do appreciate for the wonderful and selfless service of giving and providing concerts. I would be highly obliged if you could give on which taalam it is rendered by him.
                                      January 16, 2010 1:03 PM
                                      Delete
                                      Anonymous Venkat said...
                                      Thank you very much.
                                      February 20, 2010 7:53 AM
                                      Delete
                                      Blogger Sriram said...
                                      Sir, Thanks for such wonderful contests. I am not able to download the following songs: 46 and 63 http://www.mediafire.com/?wnmzyjdwu2m Hymavathim - Shadvidhamargini http://www.mediafire.com/?hdu2vumnouh Thaamaralochani - Lathaangi Can you Please look into this. Wish you a happy new year. Thanks S.Sriram
                                      January 3, 2011 2:49 AM
                                      Delete
                                      Blogger hvaidya said...
                                      Dear Mr. Sriram,

                                      Thanks for pointing out the errors. I have uploaded them afresh. You can now download them.
                                      January 4, 2011 11:00 PM
                                      Anonymous Anonymous said...
                                      Can you please check the Mayamalavagowla link - it is not working for me. Thanks.
                                      January 21, 2011 2:14 AM
                                        Blogger hvaidya said...
                                        I have posted Mayamalavagowlai afresh. Please let me know whether you are able to download successfully.
                                        January 21, 2011 7:13 PM
                                        Anonymous Anonymous said...
                                        Thank you ... I am listening to the Mayamalavagowla now; it is divine!
                                        February 10, 2011 2:24 AM
                                        Blogger Jai said...
                                        Sir, I chanced upon your blog via google, while searching for carnatic renditions of the 'Desh' raagam. When I see the treasure trove of carnatic music that you have amassed on your blog, I feel like 'Kasim' from the Ali Baba & 40 theieves story. I'm honestly surprised at my own confusion on deciding which one to read first and which do I get to later! After a lot of deliberation I have decided to go slow and take one post at a time. Starting with this post. :) My sincere respects to your efforts. I would like to be able to contribute in anyway possible to keep this invaluable effort going, so others, like me, find this treasure and enrich their lives with it. Do let me know if such an opportunity arises. Regards, Jai Ganesh
                                        March 15, 2011 12:38 AM
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                                        Blogger hvaidya said...
                                        Thank you Mr Jai Ganesh for your nice words. Your offer is appreciated. Please keep in touch and post your suggestions
                                        March 15, 2011 9:31 AM
                                        Anonymous Anonymous said...
                                        this is an information i have been seeking. thanks, but i need to know something: a melakarta raga which have seven notes in their scales can be sung all time ? or they have an especific hour and season. I would like to know the correct time to these 72 melakarta ragas, please help me
                                        June 10, 2011 9:16 AM
                                        Delete
                                        Blogger hvaidya said...
                                        I have not come across any where about the specific timing to sing Melakartha raagaas. I will be happy if some one from our readers can enlighten us. I will also be on the look out for the information.
                                        June 11, 2011 6:23 PM




                                        Anonymous Ram said...
                                        Dear Sir:



                                        Awesome page. Thank you for maintaining it. The following links are missing:

                                        29 Dheera sankarabaranam

                                        34 Vaagadheeswari

                                        48 Dhivyamani

                                        64 Vaachaspathi



                                        Best regards, 
                                        January 4, 2012 10:04 AM
                                         Delete
                                        Anonymous Anonymous said...
                                        Namaskar Sir,

                                        Please check into the links of Melakartas 60 & 61 in addition to the missing links identified by Mr. Ram (29, 34, 48, & 64). All these 6 tracks have problems with loading/playing.

                                        Regards,
                                        hvaidyadas
                                        April 8, 2012 2:43 PM
                                        Blogger hvaidya said...
                                        I have uploaded these songs afresh
                                        April 9, 2012 11:49 PM
                                        Anonymous Anonymous said...
                                        Namaskaram Sir,

                                        I am delighted by your diligence and prompt response to our request. However sir, the problem with Melakarta 34 (Pranamaamyaham/Vaagadheeswari) still persists. May be it is a problem with my system. Can other users please check this link and revert...The rest of them are working fine.

                                        Best Regards,
                                        hvaidyadas
                                        April 10, 2012 2:45 PM
                                         Delete
                                        Blogger hvaidya said...
                                        I am sorry for the omission. Item No 34 is also now posted. Please let me know if there is any problem
                                        April 10, 2012 7:59 PM
                                         Delete